{"id":27907,"date":"2016-09-20T08:01:22","date_gmt":"2016-09-20T13:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chinainarabic.org\/?p=27907"},"modified":"2016-09-20T08:08:44","modified_gmt":"2016-09-20T13:08:44","slug":"27907","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinainarabic.org\/?p=27907","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 1993 -2015 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ahmad-nassar-study2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 1993 -2015<\/strong>
\nChina\u2019s Foreign Policy toward Israel and its impact on the Palestinian Issue 1993 -2015<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1948 -1967<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a (1) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 54:2012):<\/p>\n

1-\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2-\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u064a (2) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955. (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c 149:2000)<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c 14:2007):<\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. (\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 24:1993)<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 (3) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646. (\u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c 126:2007)<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a (Behbehani, 1981:3)<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 1953 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1953 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1953 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0627\u0647:” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f”. (Brechar, 1974:112)<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1954 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 1950 \u06481951 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a (\u0634\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647:” \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644”. (\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1954)<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 (\u0634\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a) (4) \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956. (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 127:2005)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a) \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (\u0634\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a) \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062e\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a”. (\u064a\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c 13:1981)<\/p>\n

\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u062a\u060c 86:2001):<\/p>\n

1-\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

2-\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3-\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

4-\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

5-\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 179:1974):<\/p>\n

1-\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

2-\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

3-\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

4-\u0634\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645” \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a) “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. (Kooley, 1979:24-25)<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c 5:2011)<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0634\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a) \u0648(\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0644) \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 (\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646* \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629” \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 “\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. (\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 31:2006)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 1955\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a. (Pan, 1997:35-40)<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 17 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a 17 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964. (\u0628\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 45:1984)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. (\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 180:1974)<\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1965 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629\u064d \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647. (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c 24-5-2010: \u0646\u062a)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”. (\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0631 63:1999)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0637\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 74:1971):<\/p>\n

1-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635.<\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n

3-\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 7-9 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0636\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 2008)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639. (\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u060c 3:2007)<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978. (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 2012: 69-76)<\/p>\n

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\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1948 \u06481967\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a) \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1948 \u06481967 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1-\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

2-\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u064f\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4-\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

5-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a) \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u0640 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 2008.<\/p>\n

2\u0640 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00a0\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

3\u0640 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

4\u0640 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1949-1958\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (18-24 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1955)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631. (\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c 13-2-2013: \u0646\u062a)<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629) \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1968 -1982<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 1993 -2015 China\u2019s Foreign Policy toward Israel and its impact on the Palestinian Issue 1993 -2015 \u0625\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0640\u062b \u00a0\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0645\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0640\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0650\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 9.572.678 \u0643\u06452\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27908,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[388,9001],"tags":[9002,6236,512,5471,11,459,43,7640,1322,4668,7639,372,42],"class_list":["post-27907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-388","category-9001","tag-9002","tag-6236","tag-512","tag-5471","tag-11","tag-459","tag-43","tag-7640","tag-1322","tag-4668","tag-7639","tag-372","tag-42"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 1993 -2015 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) - \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chinainarabic.org\/?p=27907\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 1993 -2015 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 1993 -2015 China\u2019s Foreign Policy toward Israel and its impact on the Palestinian Issue 1993 -2015 \u0625\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0640\u062b \u00a0\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0645\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0640\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0650\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 9.572.678 \u0643\u06452\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chinainarabic.org\/?p=27907\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ChinaInArabEyes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-09-20T13:01:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-09-20T13:08:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chinainarabic.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ahmad-nassar-study2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ali Raya\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Chinainarabic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Chinainarabic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 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